3實現「創中學」的最快途徑——媒體即教育
“Society not only continues to exist by transmission, by communication, but it may fairly be said to exist in transmission, in communication. There is more than a verbal tie between the words common, community, and communication. Men live in a community in virtue of the things which they have in common; and communication is the way in which they come to possess things in common. What they must have in common in order to form a community or society are aims, beliefs, aspirations, knowledge--a common understanding -- like-mindedness as the sociologists say. Such things cannot be passed physically from one to another, like bricks; they cannot be shared as persons would share a pie by dividing it into physical pieces. The communication which insures participation in a common understanding is one which secures similar emotional and intellectual dispositions -- like ways of responding to expectations and requirements.”
“Not only is social life identical with communication, but all communication (and hence all genuine social life) is educative. To be a recipient of a communication is to have an enlarged and changed experience. One shares in what another has thought and felt and in so far, meagerly or amply, has his own attitude modified. Nor is the one who communicates left unaffected. Try the experiment of communicating, with fullness and accuracy, some experience to another, especially if it be somewhat complicated, and you will find your own attitude toward your experience changing; otherwise you resort to expletives and ejaculations. The experience has to be formulated in order to be communicated. To formulate requires getting outside of it, seeing it as another would see it, considering what points of contact it has with the life of another so that it may be got into such form that he can appreciate its meaning.” Excerpt From: Dewey, John. “Democracy and Education.” 教育即成長,成長自經驗。溝通突破個體的限制,使他人經驗為我所有。 人類最早的教育,發生在家庭、職場、社會。社會形態改變,使職場人力需求隨之進化。學校因應職場需要與家庭所能提供的資源落差而生。不論是家庭、職場或學校,教育都限於直接的溝通(direct communication)。媒體誕生,打破直接溝通的限制。印刷術發明,使中國道統得以駕馭東亞,讓基督宗教播種全球。二十世紀前半葉,收音機與電視相繼誕生,曾讓納粹德國上下一心,也曾引領美國六零年代的人權運動。自二十世紀末至今,網路與行動裝置已經如空氣般自然,進入我們生活的全部。如今,媒體凌駕於家庭、學校與職場的時空限制,直接「教育」整體社會。 |